Tarlac City, the provincial capital, serves as the economic and political center of the province. Established in 1788, it became a city in 1998. Known as the "Melting Pot of Central Luzon" due to its diverse cultural influences from Pampanga, Ilocos, and Pangasinan, the city offers a blend of urban conveniences and historical attractions.

San Jose, known as the "Rice Granary of Tarlac," was established in 1874. This agricultural town is famous for its vast rice fields and religious sites. The town's economy thrives on farming, with rice and sugarcane as primary products. San Jose offers a peaceful countryside experience with its natural attractions and spiritual retreats.

Capas, established in 1710, is historically significant as the endpoint of the Bataan Death March during World War II. The town's name comes from the Kapampangan word for "thicket," referring to its once heavily forested areas. Today, Capas serves as a gateway to Mount Pinatubo and houses important historical memorials.

Bamban, established in 1830, is strategically located at the border of Tarlac and Pampanga. The town's name comes from the abundant "bamban" plants (Donax canniformis) that once grew along its riverbanks. Bamban played a significant role during World War II, serving as a battleground and hiding place for guerilla forces.

Concepcion, established in 1860, is known as the "Gateway to the North" due to its strategic location along the Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX). The town was named after its patron saint, the Immaculate Conception. Concepcion is an important agricultural and commercial hub in Tarlac, famous for its rice and sugarcane production.

Gerona, established in 1851, is known as the "Rice Bowl of Tarlac" due to its vast rice fields. The town was named after Gerona, Spain, by Spanish colonizers. Gerona is famous for its floating restaurant and serves as an important agricultural center in the province, particularly for rice and onion production.

La Paz, established in 1830, is known as the "Sweetest Town in Tarlac" due to its thriving sugar industry. The town's name means "The Peace" in Spanish, reflecting its tranquil atmosphere. La Paz is famous for its rice cakes and other sweet delicacies, and serves as an important agricultural and commercial center in eastern Tarlac.

Victoria, established in 1855, was named in honor of Queen Victoria of England. The town is known for its progressive farming techniques and was the first in the Philippines to use tractors for agriculture. Victoria is home to the Tarlac Recreational Park and serves as an important agricultural center, particularly for rice and corn production.

Mayantoc, established in 1917, is the youngest municipality in Tarlac. The town's name comes from the abundance of "mayantoc" trees (Artocarpus ovatus) in the area. Located in the western part of the province, Mayantoc is known for its natural attractions, including waterfalls and mountains, making it an emerging eco-tourism destination.

Moncada, established in 1849, was named after General Guillermo Moncada of Cuba. The town is known for its agricultural products, particularly rice and corn. Moncada has preserved much of its rural charm while developing modern amenities, offering visitors a glimpse of traditional Filipino small-town life with convenient facilities.

Paniqui, established in 1712, is one of the oldest towns in Tarlac. The name comes from the Ilocano word "paniki" meaning bat, as the area was once home to many fruit bats. Paniqui is known for its historical significance, being the birthplace of former President Corazon Aquino, and for its well-preserved heritage houses and churches.

Pura, established in 1877, is known as the "Home of the Brave" due to its residents' heroic resistance against Spanish colonizers. The town's name comes from the Spanish word for "pure." Pura is an agricultural town with vast rice fields and is known for its pottery industry, producing traditional burnay jars and other earthenware.

Ramos, established in 1921, was named after revolutionary general Vicente Ramos. The youngest municipality in Tarlac, Ramos is known for its agricultural products, particularly rice and corn. The town maintains a peaceful rural atmosphere while developing modern amenities, offering visitors a balance of traditional charm and contemporary comforts.

San Clemente, established in 1871, was named after Pope Clement I. Located in the western part of Tarlac, the town is known for its natural attractions, particularly Mount Damas and its waterfalls. San Clemente offers a peaceful retreat with its cool climate and scenic landscapes, making it an ideal destination for nature lovers and adventure seekers.

San Manuel, established in 1918, was named after its patron saint, San Manuel. The town is known for its agricultural products, particularly rice and corn. San Manuel offers a peaceful rural experience with its wide open spaces and friendly communities, while also providing modern amenities for visitors.

Santa Ignacia, established in 1874, was named after Saint Ignatius of Loyola. The town is known for its pottery industry and scenic highland views. Located in the western part of Tarlac, Santa Ignacia offers a cool climate and beautiful landscapes, making it an ideal destination for those seeking a peaceful retreat amidst nature.

Camiling, established in 1838, is one of the oldest towns in Tarlac. The town's name comes from the Ilocano word "kamileng" meaning bat, as the area was once home to many fruit bats. Camiling is known for its well-preserved heritage houses, historical churches, and as the hometown of former President Corazon Aquino's mother.

Anao, established in 1871, is the smallest municipality in Tarlac in terms of land area. The town's name comes from the Ilocano word "anao" meaning dwarf, possibly referring to the small stature of its early settlers. Despite its size, Anao is known for its vibrant community, agricultural products, and as a peaceful retreat from urban life.